Medicinal plants are widely used by the Indian population since it has no harmful side effects and low cost compared toother treatments. In the 21st century, nanotechnology field is expected to be the base for all the important technological innovations. From that, green synthesis of gold nanoparticle is gaining more momentum due to its commercial demand besides it plays a significant role in the medical field and biomedical applications. Sphericalgold nanoparticles isolated from the leaf extract of Indigofera aspalathoides were studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and crystalline structure were studied by Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), revealed the size of nanoparticles with 18-89 nm (HRTEM). The green synthesized IaGNPs considerably exhibited strong radical scavenging potential (77.54%) when compared to the aqueous leaf extract (66.09%). Further IaGNPs inhibited the growth of human pathogenic both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, (23 mm) and Negative bacteria Escherichiacoli (19 mm). Keywords: Gold nanoparticle, Antibacterial, DLS, Antioxidant, FESEM, SAED.

Objective: The aim of present study was to design and development of controlled release formulation of Lisinopril Dihydrate by wet granulation, direct compression method. Methods: Twelve formulations were prepared by different excipients such as starch, Mannitol, Calcium phosphate, Iron oxide and Magnesium stearate was used. After fixing the ratio of drug and excipients for control release of drug up to desired time, the release rates were modulated by single excipients; combination of two differentiates controlling material. Results: Formulation (F4) successfully sustained the release of drug up to 12 hours. The release data were fit into different kinetic models (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi’s equation and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation). The regression coefficient for zero-order kinetics (0.996) were found to be higher when compared with those of the first-order kinetics (0.821), indicating that drug release from formulation (F4) follows zero-order kinetics. The ‘n’ value lies between 0.45 to 0.89 (Korsmeyer-Peppas model) demonstrating that the mechanism controlling the drug release was anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. Conclusions: All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with in-house specifications for tested parameters. Stability studies were performed as per ICH guidelines and results indicated that the selected formulation was stable. Optimized formulation was tested for their compatibility with Lisinopril Dihydrate by FT-IR studies, which revealed that there is no chemical interaction occurred with polymer and other excipients. Therefore, the results of the kinetic study obtained permit us to conclude that orally controlled Lisinopril Dihydrate matrix tablets, in this case, delivers the drug through a complex mixture of diffusion, swelling and erosion. The drug release profile of the best formulation was well controlled and uniform throughout the dissolution studies. Keywords: Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS); Lisinopril Dihydrate; Guar gum; Karaya gum; Xanthan gum.

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine. It affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with anxiety. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders and anxiety caused by depression. Its mechanism of action is by binding to the GAB receptors in the brain and enhances GABA mediated synaptic inhibition, such actions may be responsible for the efficiency of Alprazolam in anxiety and panic disorder. The major problem encountered with this drug was its poor aqueous solubility. Since dissolution is the rate determining step for hydrophobic, poor aqueous soluble drug, absorption of such drugs is often said to be dissolution rate limited. To design proper dosage regimen and to improve oral bioavailability, efforts were made to solubilise the drug. Liquid filled hard gelatine capsule is well established as a solid dosage form for convenient administration of drugs orally in a liquid form in two piece gelatine capsule. This technology is more adapted for insoluble hydrophobic and potent drugs. And there are also many advantages in giving the drug in liquid form. Hence drug compounds are solubilised inside the hard gelatine capsules such that on subsequent dissolution of LFHGC in the gastrointestinal tract, the drug remains in solution and contribute for good bioavailability of drugs. Keywords: Dissolution rate, Bioavailability, Liquid filled hard gelatin capsule, Alprazolam, Immediate release.

Chlorpheniramine (INN), also called Chlorpheniramine , commonly marketed in the form of chlorpheniramine maleate, is a first-generation alkyl amine antihistamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop floating tablets of Chlorpheniramine by selecting natural polymers as retarding polymers. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method using 6mm punch on 8 station rotary tablet punching machine. The blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density. The prepared tablets were shown good post compression parameters and they passed all the quality control evaluation parameters as per I.P limits. Among all the formulations F3 formulation showed maximum % drug release i.e., 97.33 % in 8 hours hence it is considered as optimized formulation. Whereas the formulations containing Xanthan gum showed more retarding with increasing concentration of polymer. The formulations with Guar gum were unable to produce the desired drug release pattern. Keywords: Chlorpheniramine, Floating.

The main purpose of present work is to design a colon-specific drug delivery of Ketoprofen multi particulate systems by using sodium alginate and pectin polymers. Ketoprofen a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug was formulated as microsphere to provide the controlled action and to minimize the local side effects of Ketoprofen by avoiding the drug release in upper gastrointestinal part. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs also known as microparticles. These microspheres are spherical in shape and having rough surface. The microsphere is prepared by ionotropic gelation method by using calcium chloride the cross-linking agent and coated with eudragit polymer for achieving colon specific by combining both pH and polymer based drug delivery. The coating is carried out by oil in oil solvent evaporation method. The prepared microsphere was subjected to various evaluation test such as particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, swelling studies and in -vitro dissolution studies. The % drug release was highest for the formulation F1 and it also shows the controlled release. Microspheres revealed the absence of drug-polymer interactions. In this present study concluded that eudragit coated microsphere are controlled release for colon targeted delivery of Ketoprofen. Keywords: Pectin, Sodium alginate, Colon targeting, Ketoprofen.

In the present work of Amlodipine Besylate polo shape tablets were prepared by direct compression technique with various concentrations of super disintegrants such as Cross Carmellose Sodium, Sodium Starch Glycolate and crospovidone. Microcrystaline Cellulose was used as the direct compressible vehicle. Talc was used as glidant to improve the flow property of formulations. Magnesium Stearate used at very low concentration as anti-adherent which found to be having a deleterious effect on the dissolution. The disintegration time decreases with the increase concentration of superdisintegrants then Cross Povidone having less disintegration time compare to all formulations. 8 % Cross Povidone having less disintegration time compare to 2, 4 and 6 %. The maximum increase in the dissolution rate was observed with Cross Povidone amongst the three superdisintegrants. The less disintegrating time of Cross Povidone due to the thickness of the tablet was increased. Cross Povidone containing tablets rapidly exhibits high capillary activity and pronounced hydration with a little tendency to gel formation and disintegrates the tablets rapidly so formulationF12 producued better drug release compare to all formulations. The rapid increase in dissolution of Amlodipine besylate with the increase in croscarmellose sodium may be due to rapid swelling and disintegrating tablets rapidly into apparently primary particles. While tablets formulated with sodium starch glycolate, disintegrate by rapid uptake of water, followed by rapid and enormous swelling into primary particle but more slowly due to the formation of a viscous gel layer by sodium starch glycolate. Cross povidone containing tablets rapidly exhibits high capillary activity and pronounced hydration with a little tendency to gel formation and disintegrates the tablets rapidly so formulation F12 produced better drug release compare to all formulations. Thus difference in the size distribution generated with different superdisintegrants might have contributed to difference in the % drug release values with the same amount of superdisintegrants in the tablet. Keywords: Disintegrate, Super disintegrants, Glycolate.

The present investigation was carried out on Mitrazapam mouth dissolving tablets by sublimation method. The
estimation of Mitrazapam by UV spectrophotometric method at 288nm in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer had good reproducibility and
this method was used in the study. Camphor concentration was optimised as 10mg. The pre and post formulation studies were
found to be within limits. Invitro dissolution studies revealed that, Formulations prepared different concentrations of Vivasol
along with camphor (F1 – F3) was shown maximum drug release at 30 min in the concentration of 10 mg. If increase the
concentration of Vivasol retards drug release. Formulations prepared with different concentrations of Explotab along with
camphor (F4-F6) were shown good drug release at the concentration of 10mg of Explotab. Increase the concentration above 10
mg retards the drug release. Formulations prepared with Combination of superdisintegrants along with camphor (F7-F9) were
shown as increase in the concentration, increase the drug release. Among all formulations F6 formulation was considered as
optimised formulations. Drug and Excipient compatibility was good which were found by FTIR

It is a novel osmotically driven matrix system, which utilizes the hydrophilic polymers to swell, and gel in aqueous medium forming a semipermiable membrane in-situ releases from such a matrix system containing an osmogen could, therefore be modulated by the osmotic phenomenon. Osmat thus judiciously combines both matrix osmotic characteristics resulting in a quantum improvement in drug delivery from swellable matrix system. Osmat produces controlled drug release with adequate delivery rates in an agitation in dependent manner. Thus osmat represents simple, versatile, and easy to fabricate osmotically driven controlled drug delivery system based upon low cot technology. Keywords: Verapamil, Osmatic, Controlled drug delivery system.

The combination of developments in several technologies, such as microelectronics and micromachineing, as well as the potential need for chronotherapy, have currently assisted the development of electronically assisted drug delivery technologies. These technologies include iontophoresis, infusion pumps, and sonophoresis. Several approaches have also been presented in the literature describing the preparation of electric stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems using hydrogels. Kishi developed an electric stimuli induced drug release system using the electrically stimulated swelling /deswelling characteristics of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. They utilized a chemomechanical system, which contained a drug model within the polyelectrolyte gel structure. Thus, drug molecules within the polyelectrolyte gels might be squeezed out from the electric stimuli-induced gel contraction along with the solvent flow. To realize this mechanism, poly (sodium acrylate) microparticulate gels containing pilocarpine as a model drug were prepared. Keywords: Benazepril, Pulsatile drug delivery system, Release rate.