ABSTRACT The developing of formulation for Floating bilayer tablets of Nitrendipine. IR and SR layers were compressed as direct compression method. IR and SR Layers were evaluated for pre and post compression studies. Those all studies were found to be within limits. From the dissolution data of Nitrendipine Immediate release Layer, IR2 formulation was shown maximum drug release at 15 min. i.e., 95.62%. Hence IR2 was concluded as optimized formulation for IR layer. From the dissolution data of floating bilayer tablets of Nitrendipine, FT5 (IR2&SR5) has shown good drug release 97.12% upto 12 hrs. SR5 contain Locust bean gum. Optimised SR5 Layers were kept for release kinetic studies. SR5 Layer was following Kars mayer peppas release kinetics. Keywords: Nitrendipine, SR floating layer, Floating bilayer tablets.

ABSTRACT Floating microspheres of Pindalol was prepared by ionic gelation method with an aim of increasing the gastric residence time and for controlled release. Sodium alginate, polymeric mixture of Sodium alginate and xanthan gum were used as polymers. Sodium bicarbonate was used as the gas-forming gent. The prepared floating microspheres were evaluated with respect to particle size distribution, floating behaviour, drug content, entrapment efficiency, morphology and in vitro release study. These results indicated that the release rate was found to decrease with increase in concentration of coating material applied. The wall thickness of microspheres was found to be increased with the increase in concentration of coating material applied. The floating microspheres followed zero order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was governed by peppas model. For all the microspheres the exponential coefficient values were found to be in between 0.997 and 0.99988, indicating non fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism. Keywords: In vitro evaluation Pindolol, Pre formulation evaluation.

ABSTRACT Edible vaccines is a new concept for the formulation and development department in the pharmaceutical industry because it is easily available from plant, cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, easy to deliver in the vaccines delivery system and culturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system. It also involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. A variety of delivery systems have been developed. It has also found application in prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancer therapy, birth control, etc. They have passed the major hurdles in the path of an emerging vaccine technology. Various technical obstacles, regulatory and non-scientific challenges, this review is an attempt for introduce the vaccine which is prepared from plant. Keywords: Edible Vaccine, Transplastomic Plants, Hepatitis B.

ABSTRACT Aceclofenac an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug used intreatment of Osteo arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Aceclofenac solid dispersions were prepared using hydrophillic polymers such as polyethylene glycol-4000, polyethylene glycol-6000 and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone in the ratio of 9:1, 7:3 and 1:1 by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared formulations were evaluated for number of parameters like solubility, drug content uniformity, drug-polymer interactions, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractogram study showed the reduced number of peaks and decrease intensity of the peaks in the formulations, this suggests that the crystalline nature of the drug was converted to amorphous form, which is the reason for the higher solubility, faster dissolution rate and improved bioavailability of the drug when it is formulating in the form of solid dispersion. Drug Aceclofenac and its various formulations were subjected to scanning electron microscopy studies. The results showed the conversion of crystalline nature of the drug to amorphous form, which indicates enhanced solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of the drug. The in vitro release study was carried out on plain pure drug Aceclofenac and various solid dispersion formulations by employing pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as a dissolution medium. This shows an increased release of the drug from the dispersions in comparison to pure Aceclofenac drug. In vitro data of all formulations was subjected to first order plots, the graphs plotted were fairly linear and the ‘r’ values of all the formulations were very close to one, indicating the release mechanism followed first order kinetics. Keywords: Analgegic, Ankylosing spondylitis, Dispersion.

ABSTRACT Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. These materials can be synthesized to respond to a number of physiological stimuli present in the body, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature. The aim of this article is to present a concise review on the applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field, hydrogel characterization and analysis of drug release from such devices. Keywords: Nanohydrogel, Drug delivery, Nanotechnology

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Mexiletine hydrochloride 200mg timed- release capsules. Which release the drug at different time intervals in the GI tract. Objective of the work is to formulate timed release dosage form by adopting wet granulation method using synthetic polymers (HPMCE15), Croscormellose sodium and Eudragit L 100 at different ratios. Timed-release capsules of Mexiletine HC1 were successfully prepared using Lactose, HPMC E15 and Eudragit L 100 by wet granulation method. The timed-release capsules were evaluated for pharmacopoeial and non-Pharmacopoeial tests. Based on the results batch F4 was identified as better formulations amongst all formulations for delivering the drug in a pulsatile manner. Mexiletine HC1 release from the developed formulations has been observed to be directly proportional to the amount of polymer present in capsules. Capsules of batch F4 passed all official and unofficial quality control tests. Data obtained from kinetic treatment revealed F4 formulation follow Higuchi model. Accelerated stability developed formulations were found to be stable. Keywords: Mexiletine hydrochloride, Evaluation, Formulation.

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical manufacturing inform of liposomal delivery has one of the most important approaches to improve the cellular uptake and subsequent bioavailability of drugs and as such phospholipon was chosen as a binder and studied for its effectiveness by comparing with microcrystalline cellulose and corn starch using wet granulation method. Wet granulation method using phospholipon, corn starch and microcrystalline cellulose as a binder was employed. The compressed tablets were evaluated for the following physicochemical characteristics; general appearance, weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration and in vitro drug release studies. The release pattern of 1% dispersion of phospholipon in water has met the USP specification, in which more than 80 % of paracetamol tablet was released at 30 minutes. The release pattern of the drug was observed to be time dependent at the duration of time used. In addition, the amount of drug released by phospholipon and corn starch at 60 minutes interval was greater than 100%. The tablets obtained in this study have an approximate average weight which is within the limit of the percentage deviation allowed by USP. The tablets showed a slight variation in diameter and thickness which is within the BP limits and hence negligible. In the present study, the observed hardness for phospholipon and MCC were within the USP specification (4 to 8 kgF), whereas for corn starch, the value were above the USP specification. The percentage friability of the MCC was similar to that of the phospholipon, whereas for corn starch, the value was lower. The disintegration time of phospholipon was found to be higher than the two formulations. The binding capacity of phospholipon at low concentration for drug delivery especially in the formulation of paracetamol tablets was assessed and found to be better than microcrystalline cellulose and corn starch. This amply justifies the current use of phospholipon as a binder in many pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords: Phospholipon, 4-acetomidophenol, Binder, Tablet.

ABSTRACT Activated cow bone powder was evaluated and found suitable as a diluent in the formulation of low and high dose drugs. This study was conducted in order to compare the diluent properties of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and activated bone powder (ABP) in the formulation of high dose drugs. The mixed powders were pelletized with the specac pelletization machine, using a compaction force between 10-20 metric tonnes. A sample weight of 666 mg of the granules was used to calibrate the volumetric fill of the die using 12.5 mm punch and die set. The appropriate compression force which varied from 10-20 metric tonnes was applied to compress the granules into tablets. The formulated metronidazole tablet was evaluated for properties such as weight uniformity, thickness, crushing strength, friability, disintegration and organoplastic. Compressibility of the pellets increased with decrease in particle size fractions, and the ABP compressibility was found to be higher than that of DCP. The crushing strength of compacts formed, decreased with increase in initial particle size fraction. The disintegration times were within the acceptable time limit. The hardness of the tablets containing same formulation with ABP compared with DCP was higher in all cases. The friability values of formulations I and II of the tablets ranged between 0.4 to 0.8%, all within the value of not more than 1% standard, normally fixed by most tablet manufacturing industries. The tablet weight variations of <2% showed that the weights of the tablets were uniform. Activated cow bone powder was found to be better direct compressible diluents than the commercially available dicalcium phosphate for high dose drugs such as metronidazole. Keywords: Formulation, Metronidazole, Activated bone powder.