ABSTRACT
The present study on phytochemical constituents of a medicinal orchid such as Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. reveals
that, it is one of the valuable orchid with diverse medico-potentiality. More over this study also highlights the necessity of conservation and sustainable utilization such medicinal plants for future generation.
Keywords: Phytochemical evaluation, Medicinal Orchid, Nervilia plicata.

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus plays a vital role in hospital-acquired infection. It has overcome most of the antibiotics in the recent years. Their poly-antimicrobial resistance should be noticed carefully and dealt-with caution. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant group and are ubiquitous in the hospital environment. Vancomycin is a drug of choice for treating severe MRSA infections. However, the recent reports pointed about the reduction in the susceptibility to vancomycin observed among MRSA isolates. In our present study, an attempt was made to study the vancomycin susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates from nosocomial infections during the period of October 2012–March 2013 and came out with fruitful results. Three isolates BS3, BS5 and SS2 showed intermediate sensitivity to vancomycin (VISA MIC 4–5μg/ml).The present study revealed the presence of MRSA with increasing vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).This alarming result represents determination of MIC for vancomycin is necessary before starting the treatment for MRSA infections.

Keywords: MRSA; Vancomycin; MIC; Nosocomial infections.

ABSTRACT

Simple, rapid and accurate UV Spectroscopic (Simultaneous Equation method and First order derivative method) and an isocratic RP – HPLC methods showed excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy, and repeatability. In simultaneous UV method, the overlaid spectra of mixture of Ramipril HCl and Metoprolol Tartrate were recorded. From the spectra, 206nm for Ramipril HCl and 222nm for Metoprolol Tartrate was selected as wavelength to construct simultaneous equation. The percentage label claim present in tablet formulation was found to be 101% and 103% for Ramipril HCl and Metoprolol Tartrate respectively. In second method, the same spectrums were derivatised and 205 nm selected for detection of Ramipril HCl where Metoprolol Tartrate shows zero crossing and also 210 nm selected for detection of Metoprolol Tartrate where Ramipril HCl shows zero crossing. The percentage label claim present in formulation was found to be 98.5% and 101% for Ramipril HCl and Metoprolol Tartrate respectively. In RP-HPLC method, mobile phase used is acetonitrile: methanol: acetate buffer pH 5.0 (30:50:20 V/V) with flow rate of 0.9 ml per min, the retention time of Metoprolol Tartrate and were found to be 2.84 and, 3.55respectively. The percentage purity was found to be 99.76% and 99.82% for Metoprolol Tartrate and Ramipril HCl, respectively. The low % RSD values for recovery indicated that the method was found to be accurate.

Keywords: Analytical Method Development and Validation, Ramipril, Metoprolal, UV Spectrophotometry, RP-HPLC.

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants plays a major role in the discovery of new therapeutic agents for drug development. In recent times there is more attention towards them, due to the presence of bioactive compounds and they have a dynamic role in prevention of various human diseases. Memecylon umbellatum Burm F (Family: Melastomataceae), is a traditional plant with potential ailing properties. In the present study, seed extracts of M. umbellatum were screened for phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to discover and to improve the knowledge of traditional medicine. Based on phytochemical analysis, methanolic extract was evaluated for their In Vitro antioxidant potential and analyzed in GC-MS. Total antioxidant assay responded as well at 200 μg/mL, when compare to other solvent extracts methanol extract exhibited best activity. The highest total antioxidant capacity as BHT equivalents at 200 mg/g. Metal chelation effect of M. umbellatum displayed best activity in methanol extract 73.81% at 500 μg/mL GC-MS analysis revealed 8 major and minor phytochemical constituents in the methanolic seed extract of M. umbellatum.

Keywords: Anjani, Methanol, GC-MS, Memecylon, Phytocomponents.

ABSTRACT

Dental plaque is a biofilm usually a pale yellow colored that develops naturally on the teeth. Dental plaque is a cluster of colonized bacterial growth which attaches itself to the tooth structure. Plaque detection is usually detected clinically by plaque disclosing agents. Disclosing agents contains dye which turns bright red to indicate plaque buildup.

Keywords: Plaque, Composition, Consequences etc.

ABSTRACT

In the present study an attempt was made to prepare bilayer tablet of Montelukast sodium and Levocetrizine HCL for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Bilayer tablet of Montelukast Sodium and Levocetrizine HCL was successfully developed. Immediate release of Montelukast was formulated with crosscaramellose sodium and Levocetrizine layer with starch granules as disintegration. IR spectrum revealed that there is no disturbance in the principle peaks of pure drugs of Montelukast sodium and Levocetrizine HCL. This indicates there was no interaction between the drug and excipient.The formulation showed good flow property and compressibility index. The angle of repose was ranged from 25.0Ëš±1.40 to 31.4Ëš±0.97 for Montelukast sodium and 25.2Ëš±1.40 to 29.5Ëš± 0.68 for Levocetrizine HCL. The compressibility index was found range from 11.6 to 22.2 for Montelukast sodium and 14.1 to 27.8 Levocetrizine HCL. Hausner’s ratio was found to be 1.143 to 1.287 for Montelukast sodium and 14.1 to 27.8 for Levocetrizine HCL. The result of the angle of repose indicates good flow property of the granules and the values of compressibility index further showed support for the flow property. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity. The results were found within the limits. Among the various formulations prepared, Formulation F8 with croscarmellose sodium (20%) shows minimum disintegration time and improved dissolution properties compared to formulation F-1 to F-7. This is because of the dual action of wicking and swelling property of disintegrants. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized formula for three months and it show acceptable results. Hence, Montelukast sodium and Levocetrizine HCL bilayer tablets can be used for alternative dosage form in the effective treatment of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Keywords: Montelukast sodium, Levocetrizine HCL, Bilayer tablets, Stability study, In vitro dissolution.

ABSTRACT

In the present study an intermolecular reductive Schiff base formation from 4-nitro pyridine and 4 pyridine carboxaldehyde carried out in the presence of iron powder and dilute acid. The Schiff base and metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, molecular weight determination, IR, XRD and SEM. The biological activities have also been studied for the synthesized compounds. The Schiff base and its metal complexes show a good activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Klebsiella, Pneumonia and fungi like Candida albicans, Apergillus niger and Pencillium sp. The antimicrobial results also indicate that the metal complexes are better antimicrobial agents as compared to the Schiff base.

Keywords: 4-Nitropyridine, 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Antimicrobial activity.

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate gastroretentive floating drug delivery system containing Famotidine as a model drug. Famotidine tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose- HPMC E5 LV by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate (SB) and citric acid (CA) were incorporated as gas-generating agents. Floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies. The effect of effervescent agent on drug release profile and floating properties was also investigated. Prepared tablets exhibited controlled and prolonged drug release profiles while floating over the dissolution medium. Non–Fickian diffusion was confirmed as the drug release mechanism from these tablets, indicating that water diffusion and polymer rearrangement played an essential role in drug release. All the prepared tablets showed good in vitro buoyancy.

Keywords: Famotidine, Floating tablets, HPMC, In vitro buoyancy, Controlled release.

ABSTRACT

A novel gastrointestinal mucoadhesive patch system was designed to improve the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics using chitosan nanoparticles for effective delivery of macromolecules (using FITC-Dextran as model drug). The patch system consisted of mucoadhesive layer containing the drug and backing layer made of water-impermeable polymer. The gastrointestinal mucoadhesive patch (GMP) was formulated using 10% ethyl cellulose in 80:20 dichloromethane:methanol along with triethyl citrate as plasticizer. The mucoadhesive layer was formulated using 2% carbopol dispersion in water along with 30% propylene glycol as a plasticizer. Pharmacokinetic study was done in rabbits for FITC-Dextran solution, patch containing FITC-Dextran incorporated in to the mucoadhesive layer filled into enteric coated capsules and patch containing FITC-Dextran incorporated chitosan nanoparticles loaded in to the mucoadhesive layer filled inside enteric coated capsules. FITC-Dextran was found to be 1.16 times more bioavailable orally from chitosan nanoparticle loaded in mucoadhesive layer as compared to other prepared formulations.

Keywords: Patch system, FITC-Dextran, Chitosan nanoparticles, Mucoadhesion, Gastrointestinal, Pharmacokinetics.

ABSTRACT

In the present study the phytochemical analysis and Anti microbial activity were performed on different solvent extractions like Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Methanol, Ethanol and Aqueous extract of Tephrosia purpurea. Among the all solvent extracts methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts have shown the presence of phytochemicals (flavonoids, tannins, phenols, cadiac glycosides). Anti microbial activity was screened with some gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E.coil) and few fungal strains in methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts. The maximum inhibitory zone of was noted in the methanolic extracts, which exhibited Tephrosia purpurea possess potent antimicrobial effect. The positive effect of Tephrosia purpurea validates its therapeutic potential against infectious diseases. Keywords: Phytochemical Screening, Anti microbial activity, Tephrosia purpurea.

ABSTRACT

Water is mostly used as a raw material, formulation, and manufacture of pharmaceutical products, it include a water treatment system along its method the review and evaluation of high purity water systems that are used for the manufacture of drug products and drug substances. The main objective of this review was people should aware the water, misuse of water and its treatment. It includes various contaminants that may represent hazards in themselves or that may be able to react with intended product substances, which are hazards to health.

Keywords: Grades of water, Purification of water, Trickling filter, Sewage treatment, Pharmaceutical waters.

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method had been developed and validated for estimation of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in tablet dosage form. The estimation was carried out on Luna C 18 (25cm x 4.60 mm, particle size 5μm) column with a mixture of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) in the ratio of 60:40 as mobile phase. UV detection was performed at 260 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and sensitivity as per ICH norms. The developed and validated method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of commercially available dosage form. The retention time was 2.883 and 3.89 min. for emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate respectively and total run time was 8 min. at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 4 - 24 μgmL-1 for emtricitabine and 6-36 μg mL-1 for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.05318 and 0.16115 μg mL-1 for emtricitabine and 0.06782 and 0.2553 μg mL-1 for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate respectively. The high percentage of recovery and low percentage coefficient of variance confirm the suitability of the method for the simultaneous estimation of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in tablet dosage form. Keywords: Emtricitabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, RP-HPLC.

ABSTRACT Semecarpus anacardium a common medicinal plant, has multiple uses in traditional system of medicine and in particular it is used as a Vermifuge for centuries. The plant and its extracts have been evaluated for number of activities like anti-inflammatory, cardio-tonic, sedative and neuron-muscular. The plant extract was evaluated for Antimutagenicity and mutagenicity studies in order to confirm the safety of its usage. Ethanol extracts of Semecarpus anacardium showed no mutagenicity up to 5 mg/plate when tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 strains with or without metabolic activation. On the other hand ethanol extract of Semecarpus anacardium showed a significant protective effect against mutagenicity induced by mutagen in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strain with or without metabolic activation. The results of these studies indicate that Semecarpus anacardium is non-mutagenic in Ames test, exhibit protection against the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinolene-1-oxide, sodium azide and 2-aminoflourene in TA98 and TA100 strain. Key Words: Semecarpus anacardium; Antimutagenicity; Mutagenicity; Salmonella typhimurium