ABSTRACT

The main objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of sustained release dosage forms for the drug Divalproex Sodium by using different polymers like Hydroxy Propyl methyl cellulose, Hydroxy Propyl cellulose by the diffusion controlled matrix. Various formulations of extended release tablets of Divalproex Sodium were developed using various polymers viz, HPC-HF, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M in different proportions and combinations by direct compression technique. The tablets were evaluated for physical characterization, in vitro release study and stability studies. Results of in vitro release profile indicated that formulation (DERT-V) was the most promising formulation as the extent of drug release from this formulation was optimum and match with the In-house Specification when compared to other formulations. The formulation of extended release tablet of Batch DERT-V containing 19.5% of HPMC K100M and 7% of HPMC K4M can be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation of extended release tablets for 18 hour release as it fulfills all the requirements for extended release tablet.

Keywords: Direct compression, Divalproex Sodium, Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, In-vitro release studies.

ABSTRACT

Production of tannase by Aspergillus foetidus (MTCC 3557) using redgram husk as substrate was studied in submerged fermentation. The optimization of process parameters was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM is applied for the Design Of Experiments (DOE) to evaluate the main effects, squared effects and interactive effects of the process parameters affecting the production of tannase in a submerged fermentation using Aspergillus foetidus (MTCC 3557) through a full factorial design. The optimum conditions were found to be a tannic acid concentration of 3.1 %, fermentation period of 97 h, temperature of 35.5°C and pH of 5.5 with a higher R2 value of 0.9251.The RSM revealed that a maximum tannase production of 157.6 U/ml was obtained at the optimum conditions.

Keywords: Aspergillus foetidus, Response surface methodology, Submerged fermentation, Tannase.

ABSTRACT

In the present work 19 medicinal plants belonging to the family Malvaceae have been subjected to an intensive study on their micromorphological characters such as stellate trichomes and glands present in leaves and other vegetative parts to find out their utility as biomarkers in raw materials. The hairs offered a variety of structures such as unicellular, bicellular, typical stellate hairs with 3 to 9 arms and flat discs. Substantial variations were found in number of arms, thickness of walls and lumen, base of stellate hair, its pitting and the cells of epidermis surrounding the hairs. The glands also varied from unicellular to multicellular flask shaped structures. Based on these characters a key to identify all the 19 plants were prepared. The utility of these characters as biomarkers in pharmacognosy and in taxonomy is discussed.

Keywords: Micromorphological characters, Trichomes, Stellate hairs, Glands, Medicinals, Malvaceae. Bala.

ABSTRACT

There was a time when every scientific research had a large importance in society but ignoring its side effects. So some those type of invention are widely accepted which are not eco-friendly. The conventional farming i.e. the Inorganic farming is one of its example. Due to the use of inorganic pesticides and fertilizers some serious environmental problems are appeared. The fertilizers and pesticides used in this type of farming are very reactive. They form some hazardous substances by reacting among themselves. The deposition of such hazardous substance is very bad for the fertility of soil. Various cycles in soil such as nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, and water cycle are affected .The pesticide and the fertilizers pollute the water bodies and ground water system. The most important worry due to the application of the inorganic fertilizers and pesticide is that some useful soil micro organism as the earthworm dies due to it. The best example if we put an earthworm in a beaker containing urea solution then it will die .So the application of the in inorganic fertilizers are also responsible for death of farmer friend earthworm. Some helping microorganism as Nitrogen fixing bacteria also die due to this type of Fertilizer .The gradual application of Fertilizer is responsible for the Some of those are water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution, ozone layer depletion, green house effect etc. So now we have to think some different in our farming. Organic farming is such a type of farming, which has no side effect on water, soil or air. This method has effective production. In this method organic fertilizers and organic pesticides are used. Vermicompost, green manure are the organic fertilizers .Organic/bio insecticides are formed from cow urine, tobacco leave extract, neam leave extracts. The most important point in those substances that those are eco- friendly and their production is easy and economic. So In a single sentence we can say “organic farming is the safe guard of soil.

Keywords: Bio pesticides, contamination, Bio fertilizers Vermicompost, Green compost, Fertility, Phosphogypsum.

ABSTRACT

Household biomass production and processing are integral part of livelihood support systems in rain fed areas. Apart from his farm earnings the farmer leans on dairy, livestock, poultry, Piggery, household gardens, kitchen gardens, wages, common property resources for not only revenue supplementation but also for nutrient supplementation. The study was organized to know the impact of watershed on raising Agro production systems and livestock. Results shown that there was much percentage difference due to prior and after implementation of watershed activities in all the six villages surveyed with regard to cultivation of Agriculture, Horticulture, Kitchen gardens, Fodder development, Agro-forestry and also live stock possessions like dairy, poultry, sheep, goat etc.

Keywords: watershed, Agro production systems.

ABSTRACT

On the basis of randomized concurrent retrospective study of treatment outcomes of 193 victims with combined closed abdominal trauma TRISS and MODS-II diagnostic scales were evaluated for prediction the mortality probability in the period of early hospital phase. Based on the clinical algorithm, in order to justify the choice of surgical treatment for damage control approach, it becomes possible to predict mortality in 24 hours period, as well as risk of death in the postoperative period.

Keywords: Combined closed abdominal trauma, Probable lethality, Scale TRISS, MODS-II.

ABSTRACT Although fluoride was once considered an essential nutrient, the U.S. National Research Council has since removed this designation due to the lack of studies showing it is essential for human growth, though still considering fluoride a \"beneficial element\" due to its positive impact on oral health. The U.S. specifies the optimal level of fluoride to range from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L (milligrams per liter, equivalent to parts per million), depending on the average maximum daily air temperature; the optimal level is lower in warmer climates, where people drink more water, and is higher in cooler climates. High concentrations of fluoride (F-) in drinking water are harmful to human health. This communication reports F- incidence in ground water and its relation with the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh, India. In 1994 a World Health Organization expert committee on fluoride use stated that 1.0 mg/L should be an absolute upper bound, even in cold climates, and that 0.5 mg/L may be an appropriate lower limit A 2007 Australian systematic review recommended a range from 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L Assay of fluoride concentration in ground water samples around in some parts of Bilaspur revealed that fluoride content in beyond the permissible limit in a some residential areas. The extent of Fluoride present in different samples was obtained by spectrophotometer. The extent of fluoride was found in village Sendari found to be from minimum 0.39 to 1.72 mg/l. But F- ion in Deorikhurd was 1.12 to 2.20 mg/l. Keywords: Climate, Dosage, Fluorosis, Permissible limit, Consumption.

ABSTRACT

Many medicinal plants are used in modern medicine where they occupy a very significant place as raw material for important drugs and plants used in traditional system of medicine in pharmaceutical houses are collected from wild sources (Audu et al., 2007). Two varieties of Ashwagandha i.e. var WS-134 and var WS-20 were cultivated by farmers for herbal drugs are selected for present research. The level of withanolide-A was generally higher in the roots of treated plants than that in control plants of WS-134. GA and GA+IAA seem to be very effective treatments.

Keywords: medicinal plants, Ashwagandha.

ABSTRACT

Dengue viral infection is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality and may be associated with a variety of mucocutaneous manifestations that may provide important early clues to the diagnosis of this condition. Cutaneous and mucosal findings like confluent erythema, morbilliform eruptions, and hemorrhagic lesions may figure prominently in the clinical features of dengue. The differential diagnoses include a large number of bacterial and viral exanthems as well as drug rash.

Keywords: Dengue Fever, Rash, Oral Manifestations etc.

ABSTRACT

The protective effects of metformin, pioglitazone, irbesartan, ramipril; and their combinations against oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in the aortic tissues in type-2 diabetic rats were investigated. Metformin (350 mg/kg, p.o.), pioglitazone, irbesartan, and ramipril (10 mg/kg, p.o.); and their combinations were administered for a period of 6 weeks after induction of type-2 diabetes by fructose (66% w/v, p.o.) in rats. The effects were examined on body weight, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate. At the end of treatments, vascular reactivity was tested with catecholamines. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation was measured on isolated rat aortas. The oxidative stress indices were determined. Chronic treatment with drugs significantly decreased weight gain, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol levels; normalize the heart rate and BP in fructose fed rats. All the treatments significantly reduced the pressor response to catecholamines. The significant improvement in the relaxant response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside was obtained on isolated aortas. Furthermore, treatments were effective in restoring defensive antioxidant enzymes. Metformin, pioglitazone, irbesartan, and Ramipril; and their combinations were able to reverse oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Combination of pioglitazone with irbesartan has shown better ameliorating potential.

Keywords: Acetylcholine, aorta, Oxidative stress, Sodium nitroprusside, vascular reactivity.