ABSTRACT

In this study, the use of biodegradable polymers for microencapsulation of Lovastatin using solvent evaporation technique was investigated. Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit L100 was selected as a retardant polymer because of its advantages over other biodegradable polymers. Eight different batches of microspheres were prepared by varying the concentration of polymer. The microspheres were characterized for drug content, percentage yield and encapsulation efficiency, particle size analysis and surface morphology. Microsphere prepared with low drug content produces higher percentage yield and encapsulation efficiency values. It was observed the increase in concentration of the polymer, increases the mean particle size of the microspheres. The effect of polymer concentration on the in vitro release of Lovastatin from the microspheres was also studied. It can be seen that by increasing the polymer concentration, decreases the rate of drug release from the microspheres dramatically. The kinetics of drug release from F1 microspheres predominantly follows Higuchi pattern followed by zero order [3]. The release kinetics of F3 and F4 predominantly follows zero order followed by Higuchi and then first order.

Keywords: Lovastatin, Microspheres, Biodegradable polymers, Solvent evaporation.

ABSTRACT

Endometriosis is associated with low health-related quality of life and its incidence in the world is not decreasing, at least, in the developed economies. The aim of this case-report is to bring to the fore the beneficial effects of the insulin sensitizer, metformin, in endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain. Metformin lowered C-reactive protein levels and attenuated pain symptoms in a 48-year old woman diagnosed with endometriosis refractory to NSAIDs and hormone pills. The effect of metformin in endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain may be due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oestrogenic effects and it warrants being further explored since endometriosis has no specific remedy at present. Keywords: Endometriosis, Endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain, Metformin, Oestrogen, c-reactive protein, Pain scale.

ABSTRACT

An HPTLC method has been developed for the estimation of Dapoxetine in bulk and solid dosage form. It employs pre coated plates by using silica gel 60 F 254(2×10 cm, thick ness of layer 0.2 mm) as stationary phase and the mobile phase comprises of Acetonitrile: Ethyl acetate (9:1v/v). The developing solvent was run up to 50 mm in Camag chamber. Densitometic scanning was then performed with Camag TLC scanner-3 at λ max 292 nm. The Rf value was found to be 0.54. The linearity and range for Dapoxetine was found to be 100-600ng/μl and the method was found to be accurate with 99.16% -100.33% with %RSD 0.5936. The %RSD for interday and intraday precision was 0.304389 and 0.5471 respectively. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9995 and the method was validated as per ICH guide lines.

Keywords: HPTLC, Dapoxetine, Validation, Camag TLC scanner, Silica gel 60 F 254.

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae in food and cytotoxic activity, food samples were collected. Twelve food samples were analyzed for the incidence of Vibrio cholera. The organism isolated from the enriched media was confirmed by adopting biochemical tests.

Keywords: Alkaline Peptone water, TCBS, Vibrio cholerae.

ABSTRACT

The genus Barleria lupulina Lindl of the family Acanthaceae belongs to the sub tribe Barlerieae of the tribe Justicieae sensu Benth & Hook. The present investigation mainly emphasized on the histochemical localization of phytochemicals like alkaloids, starch, tannins, reducing sugars, proteins, flavonoids, amino acids and lignins. These localization were determined through colouristion using different reagents like Wagner’s, Iodine Solutions, 10% Lead Acetate, Benedict’s, Lugol’s, 10% NaOH, Fehling’s(A&B), Millon’s, 0.2% Ninhydrin and 1% Phloroglucinol, The active compounds were identified prominently in different locations of the stem, leaf petiole and root of the medicinal plant B lupulina under study. It was found that presence of number of phytochemicals in xylem is higher than other tissues.

Keywords: Histochemical localization, Phytochemicals, Reagents, Medicinal plant, B lupulina.

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency in production of insulin. It is a global problem and number of those affected is increasing day by day. Oral hypoglycemic agents use is restricted by their pharmacokinetic properties, secondary failure rates, and accompanying side effects and the world health organization expert committee on diabetes has listed as one of its recommendations that traditional methods of treatment for diabetes should be further investigated. Management of Diabetes mellitus in the Traditional, Indian, Siddha system of medicine is time tested. Many Siddha anti-diabetic formulations are reputed and popular. Many of the Siddha anti-diabetic formulations have been scientifically studied. Literature survey revealed that Siddha “Kudineer” anti-diabetic formulations are scientifically under explored. Siddha “Kudineer” anti-diabetic formulations are tailor made, effective, tried and trusted. Many of them are official also. They are economical. They can be prepared by the himself. This review work is a small step towards, scientifically studying the Siddha “Aavarai Kudineer” anti-diabetic formulation, so as to standardize and improve the formulation for the benefit of mankind.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Siddha system of medicine, Aavarai Kudineer.

ABSTRACT

Cancer is second leading cause of death worldwide after heart diseases. The three proven methods of treating cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells, control their growth, or relieve pain symptoms, it is systemic; it works throughout the body, so the metastatic tumors can also be treated. Antimitotic drugs show a wide spectrum of activity against various cancers. This article comprises reviews of formulation of an antimitotic drug of plant alkaloids which is approved for treating human malignancies mainly breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer by inhibiting microtubules, a cell protein helpful in cell division this causes the death of cancer cells or apoptosis. Being non polar the drug causes irritation to gastrointestinal tract when given orally, hence parenteral formulation is suitable for administering the drug substance systemically. The drug is also very sensitive to heat and moisture, so as to avoid the drug degradation by moisture it is formulated as non-aqueous formulation utilizing water free solvents. The lipophilic nature makes it difficult to formulate in any formulation. Hence different pharmaceutical methodologies are applied to make the drug suitable for administration. As the drug substance is highly toxic it is given as iv infusion to reduce the toxicity (by diluting the drug), to overcome dehydration, to build up depleted blood volumes and to serve as an aid for the administration of medication.

Keywords: Non-Aqueous, Parenteral preparation, Anticancer Agent, Antimitotic.

ABSTRACT

Herbal formulations are getting popularity throughout the world and commercialized extensively for various medicinal properties. WHO has emphasized the need for quality assurance of herbal products, including testing of heavy metals and pesticides residues. “Neerzhivu choornam” is a popular Siddha anti-diabetic herbal formulation, which consists of seven different drugs. In view of WHO guidelines, single herbal drugs used in “Neerzhivu choornam”were collected from different places of markets in India for testing heavy metals, microbial load and persistent pesticides residue. Pesticide residues, heavy metals and microbial contamination were produce toxic effects like irritation of eye, blurring of eye, colic, breathlessness etc. The systemic effect includes hypotension, vascular collapse, respiratory paralysis, atoxia and convulsion. Hence the presence of these contaminants in medicinal plants must be avoided. The present study highlights the methods and procedure for these toxic contaminants and also an attempt has been made to evaluate the Neerzhivu choornam- a Siddha polyherbal anti-diabetic formulation in respect with toxicological contaminants to ensure the safety and efficacy.

Keywords: Neerzhivu choornam, Toxicological contaminants, Pesticide residues, Heavy metal contamination, Microbial load.

ABSTRACT

Vegetable oil had made an important contribution to the diet in many countries. Its constitute one of the essential components of balanced diet as good source of energy. The chemical and physical properties of oils are amongst the most important properties that determine the quality and help to describe the present condition of oils. The groundnut oil from different manufactures was bought at a local market in Rajkot city, Gujarat and it was analyzed for chemical properties, such as: iodine, acid, saponification value and minerals. The chemical analysis of the iodine values shows that sample 1 was slightly higher compared to others. The saponification value ranged from 86 to 139 mgKOH/gm. The study indicated that groundnut oil, those from the Gujarat area may have a higher shelf life, nutritional value and industrial applications.

Keywords: Analysis, Chemical properties, Groundnut oil.

ABSTRACT

Biodiesels (fatty acid methyl esters) derived from oleaginous microbes (microalgae, yeast, and bacteria) are being actively pursued as potential renewable substitutes for petroleum diesel. Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternative to petroleum fuels. Unfortunately, biodiesel from oil crops, waste cooking oil and animal fat cannot realistically satisfy even a small fraction of the existing demand for transport fuels. As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels. Like plants, microalgae use sunlight to produce oils but they do so more efficiently than crop plants. Oil productivity of many microalgae greatly exceeds the oil productivity of the best producing oil crops. Approaches for making micro-algal biodiesel economically competitive with petro-diesel are discussed.

Keywords: Bio-diesel, Microbes, Oil Crops, Micro-algae.

ABSTRACT

Livelihood security is the adequate and sustainable access to control over resources, both material and social, to enable households to achieve their rights without undermining the natural resource base. The livelihood security approach aims for holistic analysis and understanding of the root cause of food insecurity. Self help groups are also one among the sources to provide food security. Hence the study was conducted to see Effect of Watershed in terms of Increasing Socio- Economic Status, promotion of self help groups and creation of economic opportunities in six villages of three mandals of Prakasam district. Results revealed that promotion of self help groups were more compared to earlier where there were no watershed activities. Also, it is striking to note down that there was not even a single group in three villages namely Ganeswarapuram, East Venkatapuram and Nancharapuram, before installation of watershed. But after watershed construction there was group formations   as well as economic opportunities.

Keywords: Self help groups, Three mandals of Prakasam district. 

ABSTRACT

‘Parikartika’ is a disease of anal region, itself denotes the cutting pain. Fissure-in-ano is a small longitudinal ulcer in long axis of lower anal canal which is very painful among all anorectal disorders. For the management of Parikartika a cheap and effective medicine is needed to be found. Siktha Haridradi ointment which contained Siktha Taila, Haridra and Pudina Satwa i.e. menthol is prepared and used topically. The study was completed in two groups 30 patients in each group with randomized pattern. Group A (Application of sikthaharidradi ointment with Pathya) andGroup B (Only Pathya).Criteria for assessment is set as Pain at anal region, Anal spasm and P/R bleeding. Siktha Taila was effective in relieving friction and also dryness at anal region. Haridra is useful in healing of fissure in anodue to its property of Vranashodhana and Ropana. It also helps in reducing inflammation and spasm at anus. Menthol has soothing effect and relieves pain with its cooling effect. Compare to Group B, Group A was more effective in relieving pain and anal spasm and P/R bleeding as well.33.33% patient in Group-A show complete cure and rest 66.67% show improvement in symptoms. In Group-B no total cure is seen, only improvement in symptoms is observed in a patient. From the observation and analysis it can be concluded that application of Siktha Haridradi ointment with pathyakalpana is effective in management of fissure in ano.

Keywords: Parikartika, Fissure-in-Ano, Siktha Haridradi ointment, Pathya.

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of quantitative research and identification of active- pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs ) vaginal suppository. To conduct the study using high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC), as it is the most important method of analysis Pharmacopeia substances and medications ( drugs).HPLC carried out on the chromatogram using the parameters of retention components. The quantitative content of API studied by comparing the peak areas of the standard and analyte substances obtained under identical conditions.

Keywords: Chromatographic Parameters, Quantitative Content, The active pharmaceutical ingredient, Delay time, Peaks.

ABSTRACT

Although fluoride was once considered an essential nutrient, the U.S. National Research Council has since removed this designation due to the lack of studies showing it is essential for human growth, though still considering fluoride a \"beneficial element\" due to its positive impact on oral health. In 1994 a World Health Organization expert committee on fluoride use stated that 1.0 mg/L should be an absolute upper bound, even in cold climates, and that 0.5 mg/L may be an appropriate lower limit A 2007 Australian systematic review recommended a range from 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L. Fluoride\'s adverse effects depend on total fluoride dosage from all sources. At the commonly recommended dosage, the only clear adverse effect is dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of children\'s teeth during tooth development; this is mostly mild and is unlikely to represent any real effect on aesthetic appearance or on public health. The critical period of exposure is between ages one and four years, with the risk ending around age eight.

Keywords: Fluoridation, Consumption, Dental Fluorosis, Beneficial element.