ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing the side effects. The conventional dosage forms have less control on the drug release and no control over the effective concentration at the target site. This dosing pattern mostly results in constantly changing, unpredictable plasma concentrations. By the process of osmosis one can deliver the drug in a controlled manner over a long period of time. Osmotic drug delivery systems are most promising systems for controlled drug delivery. These Osmotic devices can be used orally or as implants for the delivery of the active agents. The release of the drugs from the osmotic systems is affected by various formulation factors such as osmotic pressure and solubility of the core component, size of the delivery orifice and nature of the rate controlling membrane. By the optimization of the formulation and processing factors, it is possible to develop osmotic devices to deliver the drugs at a pre-programmed rate mostly zero order release. In present review the focus is on the basic principles of osmosis, history of osmotic pumps, Formulation aspects and Types of osmotic systems with examples and illustrative figures.

Keywords: Principle of Osmosis, Osmotic pumps, Controlled release, Osmogen, Formulation aspects.

ABSTRACT

Plants can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for the development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity. There are certain problems associated with use of animals in experimental pharmacological research such as ethical issues and the lack of rationale for their use when other suitable methods are available or could be investigated. Hence, in the present study the protein denaturation bioassay was selected for in vitro assessment of anti-inflammatory property of methanol extract of Lepidium sativum seeds. Denaturation of tissue proteins is one of the well documented causes of inflammatory and arthritis diseases. Production of auto antigens in certain arthritic diseases may be due to denaturation of tissue proteins in vivo. Anti-inflammatory agent that can prevent protein denaturation. Therefore, would be worthwhile for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Keywords: In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, Ultra sonication, Protein denaturation. UV- Spectrophotometer.

ABSTRACT

Drug delivery has metamorphosed from the concept of pill to molecular medicine in the past 100 years. Better appreciation and integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in the design of drug delivery system has been developed a lead to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review focused on problems faced in preparation of compression coated tablet and inlay tablet and those can be overcome by a novel One Step Dry Coated Tablet.

Keywords: OSDRC, Inlay tablet, Compression Coated Tablet, Core in Cup Tablet.

ABSTRACT

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are the systems which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and thereby improve the bioavailability of drugs. Floating drug delivery system is one of the several techniques currently used to formulate a successful gastroretentive drug deliv ery system. The aim of this study was to develop non effervescent floating matrix tablets of ramipril using peanut husk powder. Formulations were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for buoyancy behavior, drug content, and in vitro drug release. Use of HPMC K100M in the formulations enhanced the floating duration and dimensional stability. The optimized formulation followed Higuchi kinetics. It can be concluded that peanut husk powder can be a promising low density material in the formulation of gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems in combination with synthetic polymer HPMC K100M.

Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Non effervescent, Peanut husk powder, Ramipril.

ABSTRACT

                Liquisolid system refers to formulations formed by conversion of liquid drugs, drug suspension or drug solution in non-volatile solvents in to non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder mixtures by blending the solution or suspension with selected carriers and coating materials. The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate extended release liquisolid compacts of Mefenamic acid. Liquisolid extended release formulations were prepared by using HPMC K100M as adjuvant for extended release.  Different liquisolid compacts were prepared using a mathematical model to calculate the required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to produce acceptable and free flowing compressible mixtures. Avicel PH 102, Aerosil-200 were employed as carrier and coating materials. The prepared liquisolid compacts were evaluated for their flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio. Drug-excipients interactions were studied by FT-IR. Drug release rates of liquisolid compacts shows significant benefit and distinct drug release profiles when compared to normal extended release tablets and from the results it was concluded that at higher amount of Aerosil 200 (Batch F12), drug release was found to be retarded as compared to other batches. Increase in concentration of HPMC K100M might be responsible to get extended effect. The obtained drug release data of liquisolid compacts were fitted into several mathematical models such as Zero order, First order, Higuchi, Korsemayer-Peppas, and the obtained data was fitted into zero order release pattern followed by non-fickian transport mechanism. Drug release profiles on model fitting follow Peppas model as best fit model which indicates drug diffusion in hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation.

Keywords: Liquisolid compacts, Mefenamic acid, Liquid retention potential (Ø), Avicel-PH 102, Aerosil 200, drug release kinetics.

ABSTRACT

Current research in the field of drug delivery devices, pulsatile drug delivery system is the most interesting time and site-specific system. This system is designed for chronopharmacotherapy. Thus, to mimic the function of living systems and in view of emerging chronotherapeutic approaches, pulsatile delivery, which is meant to release a drug following programmed lag phase, has increasing interest in the recent years. Diseases wherein pulsatile drug delivery systems are promising include asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, and hypercholesterolemia. In pursuit of pulsatile release, various design strategies have been proposed, mainly including time controlling, stimuli induced, externally regulated and multiparticulate formulations. These systems are beneficial for the drugs having chronopharmacological behavior where night time dosing is required and for the drug having high first pass metabolism effect and having specific site of adsorption in gastrointestinal tract. In the present review article, the novel methods of preparing controlled or extended release formulations which can be successfully used in chronotherapy have been mentioned. These techniques also applied for drugs that require modification of drug release, masking of bitter taste, and protection of volatile substances. These technologies have also been found useful for timed- release dosage forms, as timing release tablets, time clock system and delayed-release tablets.

Keywords: Pulsatile drug delivery systems, circadian rhythms, chronotherapy.

ABSTRACT

        Amongst various cancer therapies, chemotherapy is one of major treatment modalities along with debulking surgery. Major challenges in chemotherapy are linked to toxicity on healthy proliferating cells and multidrug resistance against anticancer drugs. However, these approaches failed because of significant heterogeneity in both solid tumour cell types and cell surface markers. However, in most tumors the pH gradient is reversed. The low pH in tumour extra cellular space or in various sub cellular organelles is a significant signal for targeting which is the basis for the pH targeting nanotechnology a novel anticancer drug delivery .This abstract highlights recent progress of the pH sensitive tumour targeting nano carriers.

Keywords: Chemotherapy, pH, nanotechnology.