ABSTRACT

In the modern era of treatment many new approaches have been evolved for more efficient administration of drugs. Oneof such approach is the administration of drugs at times at which they are most effective and best tolerated. Chronotherapy is theapproach where the availability of drug is timed to match rhythms of disease or disorders in order to optimize therapeuticresponses and minimize side effects, which makes it a profound and purposeful delivery of medications in unequal amounts overtime. Number of systems such as pulsatile drug delivery systems which can use stimuli from magnetic, electric, ultrasound,chemicals, enzymes etc. for drug release in the form of pulse when actually required, core in cup tablets, compressioncoated/press coated tablets, double coated hard gelatin capsules and double coated tablets, chronomodulating infusion pumps,controlled-release microchip, Layered systems, sigmoidal release systems hydrogels, osmotic drug delivery systems etc havebeen successfully used for effective chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems.

Keywords: Chronology, Circardian rhythm, Pulsatile systems, Hydrogels, Chronsthesy.

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis is an inflammatory response to bacteriological infections that destroys the attachment of teeth resulting inperiodontal pocket formation. Organisms responsible for periodontitis are aclinobacillus actinomycetem comitans, bacteroidesgingivalis, bacteroides melanogenicus subsp.intermedius, eikenella corrodens, fusobacrerium nucleatum, wolinella recta,porphyromonas gingivalis, perotella intermedia and staphylococci subspecies epidermidis and auresus. Treatment ofperiodontitis varies widely from non-surgical to surgical options depending on how far the disease has progressed. Nonsurgicalmethods are systemic delivery of antimicrobials, scaling and root planning and local deliver of drug. Systematicadministration of antibiotics requires large dose as it provides only small amount of drug in the periodontal pockets and canlead to the potential thread of bacterial resistance. So the use of antibiotics through systemic deliver is not the best choice totreat chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planning are mechanical methods for the treatment of periodontitis. Local deliveryof antimicrobial medication gives site specific and therapeutic level of drug at the site of infection for prolonged periods oftime. Periochip is a controlled sub gingival delivery of chlorhexidine developed by Perio Products Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel and itis a commercially available product. V.Parthasarathy and co-workers developed a non-biodegradable sustained release localdelivery system of sparfloxacin for the treatment of periodontal disease which was effective in the treatment of periodontaldisease. Types of periodontal surgery are soft tissue grafts, gingivectomy and frenotomy. Evaluation of efficacy of the drugdelivery systems by physical evaluation, economic evaluation, in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials are discussed in the article.From the review it shows the local delivery of drug can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.

Key words: Periodontitis, non-surgical, surgical, systematic administration, local administration, periochip.

ABSTRACT

Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which arebiodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 μm. The present study is aimed to formulate theDiclofenac Sodium (DFS) microspheres by using Co-acervation phase separation procedure to get better bioavailability of drug.In this study, we used DFS as a drug of choice since it has biological half-life of about 1-2 hrs. DFS microspheres wereformulated by using different drug, gelatin and HPMC ratios. A total of 6 batches was F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 & F6 of varyingconcentrations of drug, gelatin and HPMC were prepared. DFS microspheres were evaluated by various tests like particle sizeanalysis, angle of repose and bulk density. Further DFS Micro spheres were examined for in-vitro dissolution, by usingphosphate buffer (PH 7.4) to make out the release of the drug. Results shown that microspheres with low amount of gelatin(F1), with high amount of HPMC (F4 & F5) has shown satisfactory prolonged action in invitro dissolution studies.

Key words: Diclofenac Sodium, Micro spheres, Gelatin, Formaldehyde.

ABSTRACT

Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel ofthe leaves. These biological activities include effects promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic orantidiabetic effects, antiinflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. While the knownbiological activities of A. vera will be briefly discussed, aim of this review is to highlight recently discovered effects andapplications of the leaf gel. These effects include the potential of whole leaf or inner fillet gel liquid preparations of A.vera toenhance the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of co-administered compounds as well as enhancement of skin permeation.In addition, important pharmaceutical applications such as the use of the dried A. vera gel powder as an excipient in sustainedrelease pharmaceutical dosage forms will be outlined.

Keywords: Aloe vera: Biological activities; Absorption enhancement; Skin permeation; Excipient

ABSTRACT

Morinda citrifolia is a medium sized evergreen tree belongs to Rubiaceae family. The petroleum ether extract ofMorinda citrifolia (PMC) leaves was investigated for the evaluation of anti- inflammatory and analgesic activity. Acute toxicitystudies were performed as per OECD-423 guidelines. Toxicity signs and symptoms were not observed. Anti-inflammatoryactivity was established by carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma at the dose of 200 and 400mg/kg. Analgesic activity was carried out by tail immersion method in mice. The activity may be due to the presence of steroidsin the extract. The extract exhibited significant analgesic and anti- inflammatory activity, which supports the traditional utilizationof the plant. This study established analgesic and anti- inflammatory activity of the leaf of Morinda citrifolia.

Key words: Morinda citrifolia, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, edema, granuloma.